α-亚麻酸微胶囊化壁材复配工艺的优化研究

通过单因素及正交试验,研究喷雾干燥法制备α-亚麻酸微胶囊壁材的优化复配工艺,考察VE添加量、亚麻胶与海藻糖质量比、单甘脂添加量及卵磷脂用量4因素对α-亚麻酸微胶囊化效率的影响。结果表明,α-亚麻酸微胶囊壁材优化复配工艺参数组合为VE添加量0.2%,亚麻胶与海藻糖质量比1∶6,单甘脂添加量2%及卵磷脂用量0.25%时,α-亚麻酸微胶囊化效率高达87.5%。     

4种优良观赏竹耐高温与抗旱性研究及其综合评价

以3年生圣音竹、龟甲竹、黄秆乌哺鸡竹、黄秆京竹4种观赏竹为试验材料,进行持续高温干旱胁迫试验,通过对叶片形态观察和测定叶片含水量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、SOD活性和游离脯氨酸量,探究高温干旱胁迫对4种观赏竹的影响。结果表明,1）在持续高温干旱胁迫下,4种观赏竹的叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,黄秆京竹的叶片相对含水量下降了17.5%,叶绿素含量下降了31.71%,下降均较少,表明其生长状况较好。MDA含量和游离脯氨酸含量呈增加趋势,黄秆京竹的MDA含量相对其他3种观赏竹仅增加了5.13倍,相对较小,表明其所受伤害少;游离脯氨酸相对于其他3种增加了1.93倍,增幅最大,表明其抗旱性较好。SOD活性呈先增加后下降的变化趋势,黄秆京竹的SOD活性增加了3.7倍,明显高于其他3种竹,提高其抗旱性。2）5个生理生化指标之间有显著相关性。3）4种观赏竹因子分析得分中,黄秆京竹得分最高为1 016,其抗旱性较好,与试验观察和指标测定结果相符。4）在持续高温干旱胁迫下,应及时进行遮荫浇水进行合理抚育措施,可维持植物正常生长。     

中草药与复方对鲁氏耶尔森菌的体外抑菌作用

采用试管二倍稀释法测定了16种中草药单方及5种复方制剂对鲁氏耶尔森菌（Yersinia ruckeri）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明,黄芩（Radix Scutellariae）和诃子（Fructus Chebulae）对鲁氏耶尔森菌的抑菌作用最强,MIC均为0.028g·mL^-1,可作为防治水产养殖动物耶尔森菌病害的主要备选中草药;大黄（Radix et Rhizoma Rhei）的抑菌作用较强,其MIC值为0.227g·mL^-1,也可作为候选药物;青蒿（Herba Artemisiae）、金樱子（Fructus Rosae Laevigatae）、连翘（Fructus Forsythiae）、茵陈（Herba Artemisiae Scopariae）、五倍子（Galla Chinensis）及金银花（Flos Lonicerae）的抑菌作用较弱,其MIC值均为0.455g·mL^-1。5种复方制剂中,大黄、黄柏（Cortex Phel-lodendri）和黄芩3种中草药以5：3：2的比例配伍对鲁氏耶尔森菌具有最佳抑菌作用,其MIC值为0.057g·mL^-1,抑菌效果弱于黄芩,但远强于大黄单独使用,可为该细菌性疾病的防治提供复方配伍参考。     

急性病毒性坏死病毒引物酶表达及酶学活性分析

根据急性病毒性坏死病毒(acute viral necrosis virus,AVNV)ORF 024序列设计引物,以AVNV的DNA为模板进行扩增AVNV引物酶(primase)基因,同时构建表达质粒pET32a-prim,并转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE检测显示诱导表达两条蛋白条带,其中分子量为60 ku的蛋白条带与预期表达蛋白条带大小一致,另一蛋白条带分子量约为55 ku,经Western-blotting及质谱分析鉴定分子量60 ku的蛋白条带为AVNV-引物酶,而表达出的55 ku蛋白条带存在部分引物酶多肽片段。RNA结合荧光染料Pico-Green在30 min内荧光强度比较稳定,从而确定30 min为进行AVNV引物酶活性分析的最佳终止反应时间,并在引物合成实验中观察到30 min内引物酶活性较高。当使用多聚胞嘧啶寡核苷酸poly(d C)为模板时,重组引物酶能特异性催化底物GTP。0.1 mmol/L Zn2+可显著增强引物酶活性,而1mmol/L Mn2+和EDTA能抑制引物酶活性。     

低磷胁迫对草莓幼苗根系生长和酸性磷酸酶活性的影响

为探讨低磷胁迫对不同品种草莓幼苗的根系生长和酸性磷酸酶活性(APA)的影响,试验选取4个草莓品种（‘红颜’、‘章姬’、‘甜查理’、‘童子一号’）,采用水培的方法,设正常磷处理(KH2PO4 1×10-3 mol/L)、低磷处理(KH2PO4 1×10-6 mol/L)2个处理,分别于处理后0、7、14、21、28、35 天,取样对其根系分泌酸性磷酸酶活性进行测定分析,并于处理后35天,测定其根鲜重、主根长、侧根数。结果表明,草莓幼苗受低磷胁迫后,其主根长度受到了抑制,而同期测定的侧根数、根鲜重、根冠比则显著增加。根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性在低磷处理早期就有显著提高,且随着低磷胁迫的延续,其活性持续升高;各项形态、生理指标显示,供试4种草莓品种中,‘甜查理’相对于其他供试草莓品种对低磷胁迫环境适应性较好,说明可以通过选择、改良草莓的根系特性来提高草莓的磷效率。     

腐植酸浸种对盐胁迫下小麦萌发种子及幼苗生理特性的影响

为研究盐胁迫下腐植酸浸种对小麦幼苗生理特性的影响,采用春小麦品种龙麦26和克旱16为试验材料,分别用清水和腐植酸浸种,测定了NaCl胁迫下萌发种子的α-淀粉酶活性、幼苗根系和叶片的总可溶性糖、蔗糖和果糖含量,以及浸出液的电导率。结果表明,盐胁迫下萌发种子的α-淀粉酶活性降低,幼苗根冠比增加,但幼苗整体鲜重降低,叶片和根系浸出液电导率增大,总可溶性糖含量增加,叶片蔗糖和果糖含量增加,根系蔗糖含量降低。腐植酸浸种降低了α-淀粉酶活性,增加了叶片总可溶性糖和根系蔗糖含量,减少了根系总可溶性糖和叶片蔗糖含量,降低了叶片和根系浸出液电导率。推测腐植酸浸种可能是通过调控果糖浓度变化,缓解了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的质膜损伤。     

Microbial regulation in gorgonian corals

Gorgonian corals possess many novel natural products that could potentially mediate coral-bacterial interactions. Since many bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) signals to facilitate colonization of host organisms, regulation of prokaryotic cell-to-cell communication may represent an important bacterial control mechanism. In the present study, we examined extracts of twelve species of Caribbean gorgonian corals, for mechanisms that regulate microbial colonization, such as antibacterial activity and QS regulatory activity. Ethanol extracts of gorgonians collected from Puerto Rico and the Florida Keys showed a range of both antibacterial and QS activities using a specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS reporter, sensitive to long chain AHLs and a short chain N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHL) biosensor, Chromobacterium violaceium. Overall, the gorgonian corals had higher antimicrobial activity against non-marine strains when compared to marine strains. Pseudopterogorgia americana, Pseusopterogorgia acerosa, and Pseudoplexuara flexuosa had the highest QS inhibitory effect. Interestingly, Pseudoplexuara porosa extracts stimulated QS activity with a striking 17-fold increase in signal. The stimulation of QS by P. porosa or other elements of the holobiont may encourage colonization or recruitment of specific microbial species. Overall, these results suggest the presence of novel stimulatory QS, inhibitory QS and bactericidal compounds in gorgonian corals. A better understanding of these compounds may reveal insight into coral-microbial ecology and whether a therapeutic potential exists.     

Four eremophilane sesquiterpenes from the mangrove endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. BL321

Three new eremophilane sesquiterpenes (1–3) were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. BL321 together with 07H239-A (4), a known analogue of the new compounds. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of their MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compound 4 showed activation activity on α-glucosidase at 0.15 μM (146%), and then, 4 gradually produced inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase with increasing concentration, and the IC₅₀ value is 6.54 μM.     

刺五加叶不同部位抗氧化活性的研究

目的研究刺五加叶不同部位在不同浓度下的体外抗氧化活性。方法采用清除ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基评价法和测定还原性法,利用紫外分光光度计法测定刺五加叶的总提液、10%、30%和50%大孔吸附树脂醇洗脱部位在不同浓度下的抗氧化能力。结果刺五加叶不同部位抗氧化活性的强弱顺序为:30%部位>10%部位>总提液>50%部位,随着各部位浓度的增加,抗氧化能力增强。ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基模型中,在浓度为0.64mg/mL时,30%的部位对ABTS+DPPH自由基模最大清除率分别达到99.541%、95.331%,与同浓度VC的清除率接近,其次浓度0.64mg/mL的10%部位的最大清除率分别达到96.324%、88.033%。在还原性法测定中30%部位在浓度为0.64mg/mL时,吸光度为2.269,与VC较接近,同浓度时10%部位的吸光度为2.155,次于30%部位。结论刺五加叶抗氧化能力较好,各种评定方法结合分析,其30%部位最好,可以开发为抗氧化剂,为进一步研究和开发刺五加叶提供了科学依据。     

Chemistry of the Nudibranch Aldisa andersoni: Structure and Biological Activity of Phorbazole Metabolites

The first chemical study of the Indo-Pacific dorid nudibranch Aldisa andersoni resulted in the isolation of five chlorinated phenyl-pyrrolyloxazoles belonging to the phorbazole series. Two new molecules, 9-chloro-phorbazole D and N1-methyl-phorbazole A, co-occurring with known phorbazoles A, B and D, have been characterized. Phorbazoles were found to be present mainly in the external part of the mollusc. The structures of the new compounds were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data, mainly NMR and mass spectrometry and by comparison with the literature data. Evaluation of feeding-deterrence activity as well as in vitro growth inhibitory properties in human cancer cells was also carried out.